University of Missouri Radiology Department
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November, 2010




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Web Publication No 9.
 
Ahsan Humera MD, Kenneth Rall, MD
 
Clinical Presentation:

A 40 years old female with history of known facial angioma, and seizures presented with shortness of breath and fever. On physical examination she was found to have a very large facial swelling/ hemangioma on the right side of her face. The patient was on antiepileptics since childhood for her known condition. She was found to have airway obstruction secondary to her facial mass and also aspiration pneumonia.

 
 
     

Imaging Findings :

CT Scan of her face and neck showing large vascular mass involving the right side of face extending inside the mouth causing pressure and posterior displacement of the tongue. A necrotic area was also noted within the facial mass. Cataract right eye with malocclusion of right side of mandible was also noted. CT head also showed AVM involving right parietal-occipital lobe.
CT of the chest showed bilateral pleural effusion with pneumonia.

 
Discussion:

Sturge-Weber syndrome, sometimes referred to as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare congenital neurological and skin disorder. It is one of the phakomatoses and is often associated with port-wine stains of the face, glaucoma, seizures, mental retardation, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma.
Sturge-Weber is an embryonal developmental anomaly resulting from errors in mesodermal and ectodermal development.
The diagnosis is usually obvious on account of a congenital facial cutaneous haemangioma (also known as port wine stain or facial naevus flammeus). This feature is almost always present and usually involves the ophthalmic division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve . Only rarely (~ 5%) is intracranial involvement present without associated cutaneous naevus. In the majority of cases (72%) the naevus is unilateral and ipsilateral to the intracranial abnormality. 
The most common clinical manifestation is with childhood seizures, present in 71 - 89% of cases that are often refractory to medical therapy. These usually begin in the first few years of life and are often associated with developmental delay and hemispheric symptoms including hemiplegia / hemiparesis and / or hemianopsia.
Treatment revolves primarily around seizure control, with surgical resection only indicated rarely in refractory cases. Ophthalmological examination is also essential to identify and treat ocular involvement.

 
 
REFERENCES
  1. 1. Abnormal Ocular Enhancement in Sturge-Weber Syndrome:
    Correlation of Ocular MR and CT Findings with Clinical and
    Intracranial Imaging Findings
    Paul D. Griffiths, Mitra B. Boodram, Susan Blaser, Filiberto Altomare, J. Raymond Buncic, Alex V. Levin, Venita Jay,
    Derek Armstrong, and Derek Harwood-NashAJNR Am J Neuroradiol 17:749–754, April 1996. 749-754.

    2. Hay WW, Hayward AR, Levin MJ et-al. Current pediatric diagnosis & treatment. McGraw-Hill/Appleton & Lange. (2002) ISBN:0071383840. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon.

    3. Reiser MF. Magnetic Resonance Tomography. Springer Verlag. (2007) ISBN:354029354X. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
    4. Wyllie E, Gupta A, Lachhwani DK. The treatment of epilepsy, principles & practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2006) ISBN:0781749956. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon

 
 
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